Overview

Atmofin Plus comprises of Diclofenac Potassium and Paracetamol which is used to relieve mild to moderate pain. Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties.  Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which functions as an analgesic and that works by reducing substances in the body that cause pain and inflammation therefore we are using it  as anti-inflammatory drug. It is largely based on the inhibition to prostaglandin synthesis. This combination of drugs is also used to treat muscle pain, pain caused by injuries, and to reduce inflammation caused by various other conditions. 

Indications

Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic agents used to treat pain, fever and swelling.

For the relief of mild to moderate pain and febrile conditions, e.g. headache, toothache, colds, influenza, rheumatic pain and dysmenorrhoea.

For its antipyretic action.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any of the excipients.
• NSAIDs are contraindicated in patients who have previously shown hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. asthma, rhinitis, angioedema, or urticaria) in response to ibuprofen, aspirin, or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Dosage

Dosage based on the condition as directed by the physician.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamic properties of Diclofenac Potassium

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ,analgesic properties and antipyretic action. The mode of action of diclofenac is largely based on the inhibition to prostaglandin synthetase synthesis. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandins. It reduces intracellular concentrations of free arachidonic acid in leukocyte by altering its release or uptake.

Paracetamol

Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties. Paracetamol effects are thought to be related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Analgesic action: It raises the pain threshold and produces analgesic effect.  Antipyretic action: It lowers fever by direct action on the thermoregulatory centre in the Hypothalamus and block the effects of endogenous pyrogen. 

PHARMACOKINETICS PROPERTIES

Pharmacokinetic properties of Diclofenac Potassium

Absorption:

Diclofenac potassium is rapidly absorbed. It undergoes first pass metabolism and is extensively metabolised.

Distribution:

It is distributed in highly plasma protein bound form,primarily to albumin.Serum protein binding is constant over the concentration range (0.15-105 µg/mL).

Metabolism:

It is metabolised in the liver to mainly 4 hydroxy Diclofenac.

Elimination:

Drug and metabolites are primarily excreted in urine and some amount in the bile.

Pharmacokinetic properties of Paracetamol

Absorption:

Paracetamol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Distribution:

Peak plasma concentrations occur about 10 to 60minutes after oral doses. Paracetamol is distributed into most body tissues. It crosses the placenta and is present in breast milk. Plasma-protein binding is negligible at usual therapeutic concentrations but increases with increasing concentrations.

Metabolism:

It is metabolized in the liver.

Elimination:

It is excreted in the urine, mainly as the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. The elimination half-life varies from about 1 to 4 hours.

WARNING AND PRECAUTIONS

Precaution should be taken in patients with - GI disease; renal or hepatic impairment; alcohol-dependent patients; asthma or allergic disorders; hemorrhagic disorders; hypertension; cardiac impairment.

Elderly: Monitor renal and hepatic function and blood counts during long term treatment.

PREGNANT AND LACTATING WOMEN:

Pregnant and lactating women should take this medication only under the prescription of the physician

SIDE EFFECTS

Nausea & Vomiting

Allergic reactions

Skin rashes

Diarrhoea

Headache

Abdominal distress